Oral and Dental Disease

Dental disease reduces general health and quality of life, and affects other aspects of life including:

1. nutrition
2. sleep
3. educational performance
4. confidence
5. mental and physical wellbeing, and development.

So good oral health is really important for children of all ages!

How does it happen?

Tooth decay occurs when mouth bacteria produce acids that soften the outer covering (enamel) of the tooth. Progression of decay can lead to pain and difficulty with eating, sleeping, and concentrating.

What are 'bad teeth'?

For children with severe tooth decay, delaying dental visits can lead to further deterioration, and treatment may eventually require hospitalisation. Rates of hospitalisation for dental services in New Zealand illustrate the need for earlier access to treatment for severe cases of dental decay.

What can be done?

Research suggests that oral hygiene practices and diet can minimise the growth of damaging mouth bacteria. Since the bacteria convert sugar into acids, reducing sugar can inhibit tooth decay. Use of fluoride toothpaste can also minimise tooth decay, particularly in regions where the water supply is not fluoridated.

Why does fluoride matter?

• Fluoride strengthens the surface of teeth to make them more resistant to decay.
• Fluoride delays and inhibits the growth of the bacteria which cause cavities.
• Fluoride helps to repair the early stages of tooth decay.

What are we doing to help?

Smart peptide therapy for management of dental caries in children

Dr Kai Chun Li – University of Otago

By age five, around 41% of tamariki already have decay in their baby teeth. This project is developing a pH responsive smart peptide, GA TH, which activates only in acidic environments to target harmful bacteria without damaging healthy cells. This child friendly, non invasive and cost effective approach could stop tooth decay before it starts, supporting healthier smiles for tamariki across Aotearoa.

Stronger fillings, happier kids: new bioactive material for treating caries

Dr May Lei Mei – University of Otago

Because baby teeth have thinner enamel, cavities can spread quickly, often leading to repeat treatments. This project is developing a stronger, longer lasting dental filling by reinforcing child friendly materials with tooth like components. The result is bioactive fillings that help teeth repair themselves, meaning fewer dental visits and happier kids across Aotearoa.